Inherited thrombophilia has an incidence of 4 to 7% in the U.S. population. Preoperative evaluation of patients with a positive family history of thrombophilia aids physicians in managing post-surgical clotting risks. In combination, Factor V Leiden (FVL) and Factor II Prothrombin (FII) mutation tests diagnose up to 97% of patients with inherited thrombophilia. Females considering oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy management may be recommended for evaluation of thrombophilia mutation carrier status.